Labelling, subcultures and the hidden curriculum

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy in education?

What did Becker find when he interviewed teachers?

In Rist's study of an American kindergarten, how did the teacher seat the children?

What did Keddie find about classroom knowledge?

Lacey used two terms for what streaming does. What are they?

Which is part of the hidden curriculum?

Sewell described four responses of Black Caribbean boys to schooling. Which response values success at school but not the process of schooling?

What did Fuller's study of Black girls in a London comprehensive show?

Which is a common criticism of labelling theory?

Marxists criticise labelling theory for what?

Mac an Ghaill identified different masculine identities among boys. What does this suggest?

Which reading of the hidden curriculum is about reproducing patriarchy?

Outline two ways in which the hidden curriculum may prepare pupils for work. (4 marks)

Outline two ways in which teachers may label pupils. (4 marks)

Outline two ways in which pupils may respond to being placed in a low set. (4 marks)

Outline three ways in which the organisation of schools may affect pupils' achievement. (6 marks)

Outline and explain two ways in which pupil subcultures may affect educational achievement. (10 marks)

Applying material from Item C, analyse two ways in which labelling may affect pupils' achievement. (10 marks)

Applying material from Item T and your knowledge, evaluate the view that labelling by teachers is the main cause of differences in educational achievement. (30 marks)