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Source A: Weimar Constitution, Articles 1 and 22 (translated for this course)

Weimar Constitution of the German Reich, adopted by the elected National Assembly at Weimar on 31 July 1919 and signed by President Ebert on 11 August 1919; a public legal text for all citizens. Translated for this course.

Article 1. The German Reich is a republic. State power comes from the people. Article 22. The deputies are elected in universal, equal, direct and secret elections by men and women over twenty years of age, according to the principles of proportional representation.

Source B: Weimar Constitution, Article 48 (translated for this course)

If public security and order in the German Reich are seriously disturbed or endangered, the Reich President may take the measures necessary to restore public security and order, if necessary with the help of the armed forces. For this purpose he may temporarily suspend, in whole or in part, the basic rights laid down in Articles 114, 115, 117, 118, 123, 124 and 153. The Reich President must inform the Reichstag without delay of all measures taken under this Article. The measures are to be withdrawn if the Reichstag demands it.

Source C: Treaty of Versailles, Article 231

Treaty of Versailles, Article 231, signed by Germany and the Allied and Associated Powers on 28 June 1919. German delegates had no part in drafting the terms. Official English text.

The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.

With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying the problems facing the new Republic in 1919. (30 marks)

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