A-level Maths revision · Pure, year 1

Solving trig equations

The idea

sin⁡\sin, cos⁡\cos and tan⁡\tan repeat, so a trig equation has many solutions. Your calculator gives one; the graph or the unit circle gives the rest. sin⁡x\sin x and cos⁡x\cos x repeat every 360∘360^\circ, tan⁡x\tan x every 180∘180^\circ.

  1. Find the principal value with the inverse function.
  2. Use symmetry: sin⁡x\sin x: 180∘−x180^\circ - x; cos⁡x\cos x: 360∘−x360^\circ - x; tan⁡x\tan x: x+180∘x + 180^\circ.
  3. For sin⁡2x\sin 2x, solve for 2x2x over a doubled interval, then halve.

Watch out Find every solution in the interval, not just the calculator's one.

See it worked

Worked example

Solve sin⁡x=0.5\sin x = 0.5 for 0∘≤x<360∘0^\circ \le x < 360^\circ.

  1. x=sin⁡−1(0.5)=30∘x = \sin^{-1}(0.5) = 30^\circ.
  2. sin⁡\sin is also positive in the second quadrant: 180∘−30∘=150∘180^\circ - 30^\circ = 150^\circ.
  3. So x=30∘x = 30^\circ or 150∘150^\circ.

Answer x=30∘,150∘x = 30^\circ, 150^\circ

Your turn

Question 1Non-calculator3 marks

Solve cos⁡x=−0.5\cos x = -0.5 for 0∘≤x<360∘0^\circ \le x < 360^\circ.

Question 2Non-calculator3 marks

Solve tan⁡x=3\tan x = \sqrt{3} for 0∘≤x<360∘0^\circ \le x < 360^\circ.

Question 3Non-calculator3 marks

Solve sin⁡2x=32\sin 2x = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} for 0∘≤x<180∘0^\circ \le x < 180^\circ.

In past papers

8 official questions in 8 papers since 2019. The latest:

All A-level Maths past papers

A-level Maths Pro, Pearson Edexcel 9MA0

A-level Maths Pro

£129 once

Price rises to £199 on 1 January. Save £70 by joining before then.

At least 12 months of access

By paying you agree to our Terms and get access straight away, which ends your 14-day cancellation right.

No VAT is charged.